@Article{PintoJrPintPint:2013:LiEnAm,
               author = "Pinto Junior, Osmar and Pinto, Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida and 
                         Pinto Neto, Osmar",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Camilo Castelo Branco 
                         University (Unicastelo)}",
                title = "Lightning enhancement in the Amazon region due to urban activity",
              journal = "American Journal of Climate Change",
                 year = "2013",
               volume = "2",
               number = "4",
                pages = "270--274",
             keywords = "lightning, urban fffects, Amazon region.",
             abstract = "Urbanization has an increasing contribution to anthropogenic cl 
                         imate forcing. The impact arises mainly from the Urban Heat Island 
                         (UHI) effect and aerosol anthropogenic emissions. An important but 
                         not completely understood consequence of this forcing is its 
                         effect on local lightning activity. Changes in lightning activity 
                         may result in a feedback on the climate system. In this article, 
                         it investigates changes in the lightning activity in the city of 
                         Manaus, located in the Amazon region of Brazil. It is found that, 
                         over the city, the lightning activity is larger than that in the 
                         regions around it and it has been increasing in the last four 
                         decades simultaneously with the increasing of its urban area. Our 
                         results suggest that such changes are caused by the UHI effect. 
                         The observations reported here are unique and relevant because 
                         Manaus is located in the central part of the Amazon rainforest and 
                         inside one of the three global lightning chimneys in the world.",
                  doi = "10.4236/ajcc.2013.24026",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2013.24026",
                 issn = "2167-9495 and 2167-9509",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "AJCC_2013121210043959 (1).pdf",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2013.24026",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}